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This project is funded by a Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA) grant from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) at the National Institutes of Health NIH.
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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We are excited to be able to offer this learning module for your classroom use. Many of you may be familiar with the original word cards. The rationale behind the word cards was for students to have concrete pictures to help anchor abstract concepts and explain the actions that are required on academic assessments.

This learning module is a place to practice and utilize the words in a variety of ways. Seeing examples of formal assessment questions, practice in spelling, and in some higher level thinking about which word might be the most appropriate for the situation.

The color banding correlates to Webb’s Depth of Knowledge. The levels increase in higher order thinking and questioning. There are many similarities to Bloom’s Taxonomy which may be more familiar to some teachers and students.

NAVIGATION INSTRUCTIONS
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Select a level:

  • ✔ LEVEL 1
  • ✔ LEVEL 2
  • ✔ LEVEL 3
  • ✔ LEVEL 4

Level 1 Winning Words

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  • COMMENT
  • DEFINE
  • DISCUSS
  • EXPLAIN
  • ILLUSTRATE
  • LIST
  • OUTLINE
  • REFER
  • STATE
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Level 2 Winning Words

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  • Compare
  • Demonstrate
  • Describe
  • Diagram
  • Infer
  • Order
  • Review
  • Select/Choose
  • Solve
  • Summarize
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Level 3 Winning Words

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  • Assess
  • Contrast
  • Critique
  • Interpret
  • Justify
  • Relate
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Level 4 Winning Words

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  • Analyze
  • Evaluate
  • Examine
  • Prove/Disprove
  • Trace
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COMMENT

Give an opinion or explanation

EXAMPLES

1. Comment on the initiative to replace gas powered cars with electric cars.
2. My favorite comment was that they liked the ribbon work on my regalia.
3 . Comment on the use of biotechnology to increase crop yields.

DEFINE

Give the meaning of a word

EXAMPLES

1. Define the term conservation.
2. Our teacher assigned an essay to define what respect means to us.
3. Define the term carpetbagger.

DISCUSS

Describe, give examples, list points for and against, evaluate results

EXAMPLES

1. Discuss the importance of World War I in American history.
2. My family members discuss why we should or shouldn’t travel to a Pow Wow.
3. Discuss the interactions of living and non-living things in an aquatic eco-system.

EXPLAIN

Give detailed reasons describing a topic

EXAMPLES

1. Explain the advantages of growing your own food.
2. I want my grandmother to explain the steps to make fry bread.
3. Explain the scientific method.

ILLUSTRATE

Give visual examples - pictures, figures, and diagrams

EXAMPLES

1. Illustrate an animal cell and explain the function of its parts.
2. My dad used a stick to illustrate in the dirt, where we were going to hunt mushrooms.
3. Illustrate an example of a food web.

LIST

Show individual items in a table or list

EXAMPLES

1. List the stages of the water cycle.
2. My grandmother made a list of the ingredients for our wojapi.
3. List 6 reasons why people think climate change is real.

OUTLINE

Give main points and supporting details

EXAMPLES

1. Outline the process of meal worm metamorphosis and give 3 important features of each stage.
2. Our assignment was to outline the history of boarding schools.
3. Outline the progression of the Revolutionary War leading to America becoming a nation.

REFER

Look back for an example

EXAMPLES

1. Refer to the section of your textbook that corresponds with this weeks assignment.
2. When doing beadwork, we refer to our pattern often.
3. Refer to a time in your life when you were nervous.

STATE

Give the facts briefly

EXAMPLES

1. State why photosynthesis is vital to plants.
2. We wanted to state the statistics about tribal languages spoken in North America.
3. State the reasons that international trade is necessary.

COMPARE

Emphasize the similarities between two things

EXAMPLES

1. Compare the price of fuel at two separate gas stations.
2. It’s interesting to compare the similarities in beading designs.
3. Compare the structure of an animal cell to a plant cell.

DEMONSTRATE

Show how something works

EXAMPLES

1. Demonstrate your knowledge of the word multiply.
2. My auntie loved seeing the champion demonstrate the grass dance.
3. Demonstrate the steps necessary to make your bed.

DESCRIBE

Give details about a topic

EXAMPLES

1. How would you describe your family pet in two sentences?
2. We asked our elders to describe their childhood.
3. Describe the eight characteristics of living things.

DIAGRAM

An illustration, chart, table, or graph

EXAMPLES

1. The diagram detailed the population density of our county.
2. I saw a diagram showing that Native Americans are at a higher risk for diabetes.
3. Draw a diagram of the food web.

INFER

To form a conclusion based on events/situations and what you know

EXAMPLES

1. Infer from the photograph what is happening.
2. By the use of the flowers on their beadwork, I could infer they were from a woodlands tribe.
3. Infer the population count in twenty years based on the data listed in the graph.

ORDER

To put in sequence – historically by time or date

EXAMPLES

1. Place the events of your day in proper order.
2. On the history test, we listed the order of the federal acts impacting Native Americans.
3. Order the levels of organization of living things from least complex to most complex.

REVIEW

Tell again in shorter form

EXAMPLES

1. Briefly review the reasons why seatbelts are a good idea.
2. Let’s review the order of events for tomorrow’s gathering.
3. Review the stages of the butterfly life cycle.

SELECT/CHOOSE

Pick an option or make a choice

EXAMPLES

1. Select the best pet for a senior citizen.
2. Sometimes it’s hard to choose the best concession stand to go to at the Pow Wow.
3. Choose items that you will need to make a recipe.

SOLVE

To find the answer

EXAMPLES

1. Solve the mystery with the clues that have been gathered.
2. Dad made us solve the problem of getting the deer back to the vehicle.
3. How many ways are there to solve a problem?

SUMMARIZE

Give the main points only, no details

EXAMPLES

1. Summarize your notes on Egypt into three statements.
2. I can summarize my tribe’s origin story.
3. In three sentences summarize why photosynthesis is important.

ASSESS

Describe the topic’s positive and negative points and their importance

EXAMPLES

1. Assess your knowledge of bicycle safety.
2. I should assess the importance of learning my native language.
3. Assess the value of a 2024 corvette.

CONTRAST

Emphasize the differences between two things

EXAMPLES

1. Contrast Wendy’s® and McDonald’s® French fries.
2. Our teacher had us contrast regalia from the north versus the south.
3. Contrast solar and lunar eclipses.

CRITIQUE

Give a balanced answer of the topic’s weaknesses and strengths

EXAMPLES

1. Critique the usefulness of this potato peeler.
2. It was our male elders’ duty to critique our hunting style.
3. Critique the validity of neutering feral cats.

INTERPRET

To explain and make a decision on the meaning

EXAMPLES

1. Interpret the graph showing the amount of potatoes sold to fast food restaurants.
2. Sometimes we have to interpret our reservation slang for our teachers.
3. Interpret the data and graph the results.

JUSTIFY

To give reasons that support a statement

EXAMPLES

1. Justify your stance on the following statement: Golf is the most difficult sport.
2. Cultural traditions justify our federal recognition.
3. Describe the limiting factors and justify your answer based on the information in this reading.

RELATE

Explain how the topics are connected

EXAMPLES

1. Relate the age of employees to the type of jobs they hold.
2. Grandpa showed us how to relate the big drum beat to a heart beat.
3. Relate rain fall to grassland nutritional value.

ANALYZE

Take apart an idea, concept, or statement and examine and criticize its sub-parts in detail

EXAMPLES

1. Analyze the newspaper article for any indications of political bias.
2. I had to analyze the story about Big Foot to decide if I believe it or not.
3. Analyze different flavors of drink mix to determine which tastes the best.

EVALUATE

Look at all points presented and form an opinion

EXAMPLES

1. Using the scorecard, evaluate the student presentation.
2. During the contest all the judges have to evaluate the dancers’ footwork to select a champion.
3. Evaluate the conclusion of your study partner.

EXAMINE

To take apart and look at in detail

EXAMPLES

1. Examine the following paragraph for grammatical or spelling errors.
2. I always examine my regalia to make sure nothing is loose before I dance.
3. Examine the herd for the ratio of black cattle to brown cattle.

PROVE/DISPROVE

Provide evidence for or against and give logical reasons

EXAMPLES

1. How did the lawyer prove his clients innocence?
2. We use our tribal ID to prove our tribal enrollment.
3. Disprove the belief that fad diets are healthy.

TRACE

Show how something has or will develop over time

EXAMPLES

1. Trace the influences of architecture in western civilization.
2. We used research to trace our family back to the boarding school.
3. Trace the stages of cancer.

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    CREDITS

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    THANK YOU! To all the teachers and students who gave us their creative feedback.
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